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Cyber AB CMMC-CCP Exam Syllabus Topics:
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NEW QUESTION # 87
Exercising due care to ensure the information gathered during the assessment is protected even after the engagement has ended meets which code of conduct requirement?
- A. Respect for Intellectual Property
- B. Information Integrity
- C. Confidentiality
- D. Availability
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION # 88
How does the CMMC define a practice?
- A. A condition arrived at by experience or exercise
- B. A series of changes taking place in a defined manner
- C. A business transaction
- D. An activity or activities performed to meet defined CMMC objectives
Answer: D
NEW QUESTION # 89
Prior to conducting a CMMC Assessment, the contractor must specify the CMMC Assessment scope by categorizing all assets. Which two asset categories are always assessed against CMMC practices?
- A. Specialized Assets and Contractor Risk Managed Assets
- B. Security Protection Assets and Contractor Risk Managed Assets
- C. CUI Assets and Specialized Assets
- D. Security Protection Assets and CUI Assets
Answer: D
Explanation:
Understanding CMMC Asset Scoping RequirementsBefore conducting aCMMC Level 2 Assessment, anOrganization Seeking Certification (OSC)must define theassessment scopeby categorizing all assets. This ensures that only relevant systems are assessed againstCMMC practices, reducing unnecessary compliance burdens.
According to theCMMC Scoping Guide for Level 2, there are four asset categories:
CUI Assets- Assets that process, store, or transmitControlled Unclassified Information (CUI).
Security Protection Assets (SPA)- Assets that providesecurity functions(e.g., firewalls, intrusion detection systems, identity management systems).
Contractor Risk Managed Assets (CRMA)- Assets thatdo not directly store/process CUIbut interact with CUI environments (e.g., BYOD devices, personal computers used for remote access).
Specialized Assets- Unique systems such asOperational Technology (OT), IoT, and Government Furnished Equipment (GFE), which may requirelimitedCMMC assessment.
Which Asset Categories Are Always Assessed?#1. CUI Assets(ALWAYS ASSESSED) These are theprimary focusof CMMC Level 2 since they handleCUI.
All110 NIST SP 800-171 controlsapply to these assets.
#2. Security Protection Assets (SPA)(ALWAYS ASSESSED)
Security tools that protectCUI Assetsarealways includedin the assessment.
Examples includefirewalls, antivirus, endpoint detection and response (EDR) tools, and identity management systems.
(A) CUI Assets and Specialized Assets#
CUI Assets are assessed, butSpecialized Assets are only assessed in a limited manner, depending on their role inCUI security.
(C) Specialized Assets and Contractor Risk Managed Assets#
Specialized Assets and CRMAsare typicallynot fully assessedagainst CMMC controls unless they directly impactCUI security.
(D) Security Protection Assets and Contractor Risk Managed Assets#
SPAs are always assessed, butCRMAs are not necessarily assessedunless they directly impact CUI.
TheCMMC Scoping Guide (Level 2)clearly states thatCUI Assets and Security Protection Assetsarealways assessedagainst CMMC practices.
Why the Other Answer Choices Are Incorrect:Final Validation from CMMC Documentation:Thus, the correct answer is:
B). Security Protection Assets and CUI Assets.
NEW QUESTION # 90
When are contractors required to achieve a CMMC certificate at the Level specified in the solicitation?
- A. At the time of award
- B. Before the due date of submission
- C. Upon solicitation submission
- D. Thirty days from the award date
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION # 91
What is the primary intent of the verify evidence and record gaps activity?
- A. Conduct interviews to test process implementation knowledge.
- B. Identify and describe differences between what the Assessment Team required and the evidence collected.
- C. Determine the one-to-one relationship between a practice and an assessment object.
- D. Map test and demonstration responses to CMMC practices.
Answer: B
Explanation:
Understanding the "Verify Evidence and Record Gaps" Activity in a CMMC AssessmentDuring aCMMC Level 2 Assessment, theAssessment Teamfollows a structured methodology toverify evidenceand determine whether theOrganization Seeking Certification (OSC)has met all required practices. One of the key activities in this process is"Verify Evidence and Record Gaps", which ensures that the assessment findings accurately reflect any missing or inadequate compliance evidence.
Step-by-Step Breakdown:#1. Primary Intent: Identifying Gaps Between Required and Collected Evidence
* TheAssessment Teamcompares the evidence provided by the OSC against theCMMC practice requirements.
* If evidence ismissing, insufficient, or inconsistent, assessors mustdocument the gapand describe what is lacking.
* This ensures that compliance deficiencies are clearly identified, allowing the OSC to understand what must be corrected.
#2. How This Process Works in a CMMC Assessment
* Assessorsreview collected documentation, system configurations, policies, and interview responses.
* They verify that the evidencematches the expected implementationof a practice.
* If gaps exist, they arerecordedfor discussion and potential remediation before assessment completion.
#3. Why the Other Answer Choices Are Incorrect:
* (A) Map test and demonstration responses to CMMC practices.#
* Incorrect:While mapping evidence to CMMC practices is part of the assessment, theprimary intentof the "Verify Evidence and Record Gaps" step is toidentify deficiencies, not just mapping responses.
* (B) Conduct interviews to test process implementation knowledge.#
* Incorrect:Interviews are a method used during evidence collection, but they arenot the primary focusof the verification and gap analysis step.
* (C) Determine the one-to-one relationship between a practice and an assessment object.#
* Incorrect:The assessment teamreviews multiple sources of evidencefor each practice, and some practices require multiple assessment objects. The goal isnot a strict one-to-one mappingbut rathera holistic validation of compliance.
Final Validation from CMMC Documentation:TheCMMC Assessment Process Guidestates that"Verify Evidence and Record Gaps"is the step where assessorscompare expected evidence against what has been provided and document discrepancies. This ensurestransparent assessment findings and remediation planning.
Thus, the correct answer is:
D: Identify and describe differences between what the Assessment Team required and the evidence collected.
NEW QUESTION # 92
As defined in the CMMC-AB Code of Professional Conduct, what term describes any contract between two legal entities?
- A. Alliance
- B. Accord
- C. Agreement
- D. Union
Answer: C
Explanation:
Understanding the Definition of an Agreement in the CMMC-AB Code of Professional Conduct TheCMMC-AB Code of Professional Conductdefines anagreementasany contract between two legal entities.
This includes:
#Contracts between an OSC and a C3PAOfor CMMC assessments.
#Service agreements between cybersecurity providers and defense contractors.
#Any formal, legally binding arrangement related to CMMC compliance.
* A. Union # Incorrect
* Auniontypically refers to anorganization representing workersand is not used to describe acontractual relationship.
* B. Accord # Incorrect
* While anaccordcan mean an agreement, it isnot the standard legal term for a binding contractin CMMC documentation.
* C. Alliance # Incorrect
* Analliancerefers to astrategic partnership, but does not necessarily imply alegally binding contract.
* D. Agreement # Correct
* TheCMMC-AB Code of Professional Conductdefines anagreementas anylegally binding contract between two entities.
Why is the Correct Answer "D. Agreement"?
* CMMC-AB Code of Professional Conduct
* Defines"Agreement"as alegally binding contract between two parties.
* CMMC-AB Licensed Training and Assessment Provider Guidelines
* Requires that all engagementsbe governed by a formal agreement (contract) between the parties.
* DFARS and CMMC Certification Contracts
* States thatOSC-C3PAO relationships must be formalized through a legal agreement.
CMMC 2.0 References Supporting This answer:
NEW QUESTION # 93
The IT manager is scoping the company's CMMC Level 1 Self-Assessment. The manager considers which servers, laptops. databases, and applications are used to store, process, or transmit FCI. Which asset type is being considered by the IT manager?
- A. Facilities
- B. People
- C. Technology
- D. ESP
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION # 94
Which resource contains authoritative data classifications of CUI?
- A. CMMC-AB
- B. OSC's privacy policies
- C. NARA
- D. DoD Contractors FAQ
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION # 95
A contractor provides services and data to the DoD. The transactions that occur to handle FCI take place over the contractor's business network, but the work is performed on contractor-owned systems, which must be configured based on government requirements and are used to support a contract. What type of Specialized Asset are these systems?
- A. Restricted IS
- B. Test equipment
- C. loT
- D. Government property
Answer: A
Explanation:
Understanding Restricted Information Systems (IS) in CMMC ScopingInCMMC 2.0,Specialized Assetsrefer to assets that do not fit traditional IT system categories but still play a role inprocessing, storing, or transmitting Federal Contract Information (FCI) or Controlled Unclassified Information (CUI). The four categories ofSpecialized Assetsin theCMMC Scoping Guideinclude:
* Internet of Things (IoT) Devices- Smart or network-connected devices.
* Restricted Information Systems (Restricted IS)- Systems that arecontractually requiredto beconfigured to government specifications.
* Test Equipment- Devices used for specialized testing or measurement.
* Government Property- Equipment owned by theU.S. Governmentbut used by contractors.
* The contractor-owned systems in question areconfigured based on government requirementsandused to support a DoD contract.
* Restricted ISassets arecontractually requiredto meet government security requirements andhandle DoD- related information.
* These systemsdo not fall under general IT assets but instead require special handling, making them a Restricted ISper theCMMC Scoping Guide.
* A. IoT (Incorrect)
* IoT devices includesmart devices, sensors, and embedded systems, but the contractor's business systems are not classified as IoT.
* C. Test Equipment (Incorrect)
* The contractor's systems areused for handling FCI, not for testing or measurement.
* D. Government Property (Incorrect)
* The systems arecontractor-owned, not owned by theU.S. Government, so they do not qualify asGovernment Property.
* The correct answer isB. Restricted IS, as the systems arecontractor-owned but must follow DoD security requirements.
References:
CMMC 2.0 Scoping Guide for Level 2
DoD CMMC Policy and DFARS 252.204-7012
NEW QUESTION # 96
When an OSC requests an assessment by a C3PAO, who selects the Lead Assessor for the assessment?
- A. C3PAO
- B. C3PAO and OSC
- C. OSC
- D. OSC and Lead Assessor
Answer: A
Explanation:
The CAP specifies that the C3PAO is responsible for assigning the Lead Assessor to an OSC's assessment.
While the OSC contracts with the C3PAO, the authority to appoint the Lead Assessor resides solely with the C3PAO.
Supporting Extracts from Official Content:
* CAP v2.0, Assessment Team Composition (§2.10): "The C3PAO shall designate a qualified Lead Assessor to lead the assessment." Why Option B is Correct:
* Only the C3PAO has the authority to select and assign the Lead Assessor.
* The OSC may influence scheduling and planning but cannot appoint assessors.
* Options A, C, and D are inconsistent with CAP requirements.
References (Official CMMC v2.0 Content):
* CMMC Assessment Process (CAP) v2.0, Assessment Team Roles and Responsibilities (§2.10).
NEW QUESTION # 97
An Assessment Team is conducting interviews with team members about their roles and responsibilities. The team member responsible for maintaining the antivirus program knows that it was deployed but has very little knowledge on how it works. Is this adequate for the practice?
- A. Yes, antivirus programs are automated to run independently.
- B. No, the team member must know how the antivirus program is deployed and maintained.
- C. No, the team member's interview answers about deployment and maintenance are insufficient.
- D. Yes, the antivirus program is available, so it is sufficient.
Answer: B
Explanation:
For a practice to beadequately implementedin aCMMC Level 2 assessment, theresponsible personnel must demonstrate knowledge of deployment, maintenance, and operationof security tools such asantivirus programs. Simply having the tool in place isnot sufficient-there must be evidence that it isproperly configured, updated, and monitoredto protect against threats.
Step-by-Step Breakdown:#1. Relevant CMMC and NIST SP 800-171 Requirements
* CMMC Level 2 aligns with NIST SP 800-171, which includes:
* Requirement 3.14.5 (System and Information Integrity - SI-3):
* "Employautomatedmechanisms toidentify, report, and correctsystem flaws in a timely manner."
* Requirement 3.14.6 (SI-3(2)):
* "Employautomated toolsto detect and prevent malware execution."
* These requirements imply that theperson responsible for antivirus must understand how it is deployed and maintainedto ensure compliance.
#2. Why the Team Member's Knowledge is Insufficient
* Antivirus tools requireregular updates,configuration adjustments, andmonitoringto function properly.
* The responsible team member must:
* Knowhow the antivirus was deployedacross systems.
* Be able toconfirm updates, logs, and alerts are monitored.
* Understand how torespond to malware detectionsand failures.
* If the team member lacks this knowledge, assessors maydetermine the practice is not fully implemented.
#3. Why the Other Answer Choices Are Incorrect:
* (A) Yes, the antivirus program is available, so it is sufficient.#
* Incorrect:Just having antivirus softwareinstalleddoes not prove compliance. It must bemanaged and maintained.
* (B) Yes, antivirus programs are automated to run independently.#
* Incorrect:While automation helps, security toolsrequire oversight, updates, and configuration.
* (D) No, the team member's interview answers about deployment and maintenance are insufficient.#
* Partially correct but incomplete:Themain issueis that the team membermust have sufficient knowledge, not just that their answers are weak.
Final Validation from CMMC Documentation:TheCMMC Assessment Guide for SI-3 and SI-3(2)states that personnel mustunderstand the function, deployment, and maintenance of security toolsto ensure proper implementation.
Thus, the correct answer is:
NEW QUESTION # 98
When planning an assessment, the Lead Assessor should work with the OSC to select personnel to be interviewed who could:
- A. demonstrate expertise on the CMMC requirements.
- B. be a senior person in the company.
- C. provide clarity and understanding of their practice activities.
- D. have a security clearance.
Answer: C
Explanation:
Interview Selection in CMMC AssessmentsDuring aCMMC assessment, theLead Assessormust work with theOrganization Seeking Certification (OSC)to select personnel for interviews. The goal is to:
#Verify that personnel understand andperform security-related practices.
#Ensure that individuals canexplain how they implement CMMC requirements.
#Gain insight intoactual cybersecurity operationsrather than just documented policies.
The best interviewees are those whodirectly engage with security practicesand canclearly explain how they perform their duties.
* CMMC assessmentsrely on interviewsto validate that security practices areimplemented effectively.
* Themost valuable intervieweesare those who canexplainhow security measures are appliedin day-to-day operations.
* CMMC Assessment Process (CAP)emphasizes that assessors should speak tothose actively involved in security practicesrather than just senior management or policy owners.
Why "Providing Clarity and Understanding" Is KeyThus,option D is the correct choicebecause the Lead Assessor should prioritizeinterviewing personnel who can clearly explain how CMMC practices are implemented.
* A. Have a security clearance.#Incorrect.Security clearance is not a requirementfor CMMC assessments.
The focus is onpractical implementation of security controls, not classified work.
* B. Be a senior person in the company.#Incorrect. Senior executives may not be involved in theactual implementation of security controls. The best interviewees are those whoperform the work, not just oversee it.
* C. Demonstrate expertise on the CMMC requirements.#Incorrect. Whileunderstanding CMMC is important, expertise alonedoes not guarantee practical knowledgeof security controls. The key is thatinterviewees must provide clarity on how they perform security tasks.
Why the Other Answers Are Incorrect
* CMMC Assessment Process (CAP) Document- Guides interview selection based on personnel who perform security functions.
* NIST SP 800-171 & CMMC 2.0- Emphasize that cybersecurity controls must beactively implemented, not just documented.
CMMC Official ReferencesThus,option D (Provide clarity and understanding of their practice activities) is the correct answeras per official CMMC assessment guidelines.
NEW QUESTION # 99
During the planning phase of a CMMC Level 2 Assessment, the Lead Assessor is considering what would constitute the right evidence for each practice. What is the Assessor attempting to verify?
- A. Sufficiency
- B. Process mapping
- C. Assessment scope
- D. Adequacy
Answer: A
Explanation:
Understanding Evidence Sufficiency in CMMC Level 2 AssessmentsDuring aCMMC Level 2 Assessment, theLead Assessormust determine whether the evidence collected for each practice issufficientto support an assessment finding. This aligns with theCMMC Assessment Process (CAP) Guide, which requires assessors to evaluate:
Examinations- Reviewing documents, configurations, and system records.
Interviews- Speaking with personnel to confirm implementation and understanding.
Testing- Observing security controls in action to validate effectiveness.
To determine whether evidence issufficient, the assessor ensures that it:
Directly supports the assessment objective.
Demonstrates that the practice is consistently implemented.
Can be independently verified.
Sufficiencyrefers to whetherenoughevidence has been collected to make an accurate determination about compliance.
Option A (Adequacy)is incorrect because adequacy relates tothe qualityof evidence, while sufficiency focuses on whetherenoughevidence exists.
Option C (Process Mapping)is incorrect because process mapping is used for understanding workflows but is not an assessment verification method.
Option D (Assessment Scope)is incorrect because defining the scope happensbeforeevidence collection, during the planning phase.
CMMC Assessment Process (CAP) Guide - Section 3.6 (Determining Sufficiency of Evidence) CMMC Level 2 Assessment Guide - Evidence Collection and Evaluation Why Option B (Sufficiency) is CorrectOfficial CMMC Documentation ReferencesFinal VerificationSince theLead Assessor is ensuring enough evidence is available to verify compliance, the correct answer isOption B: Sufficiency.
NEW QUESTION # 100
When scoping the organizational system, the scope of applicability for the cybersecurity CUI practices applies to the components of:
- A. federal systems that process, store, or transmit CUI. or that provide protection for the system components.
- B. nonfederal systems that process, store, or transmit CUI. or that provide protection for the system components.
- C. nonfederal systems that process, store, or transmit CUI.
- D. federal systems that process, store, or transmit CUI.
Answer: B
Explanation:
* TheCMMC 2.0 framework applies to nonfederal systemsthat process, store, or transmitCUI.
* Scoping determineswhich system components must comply with CMMC practices.
* If a systemprocesses, stores, or transmits CUI, orprovides security for those systems, itmust be included in the assessment scope.
* CMMC Applies to Contractors, Not Federal Systems
* CMMC isdesigned for Department of Defense (DoD) contractors, notfederal systems.
* Federal systems arealready governed by NIST SP 800-53and other regulations.
* Scope Includes Systems That Process CUI AND Those That Protect Them
* Systemsprocessing, storing, or transmitting CUIare in scope.
* Systems thatprovide protection for CUI systems(e.g., firewalls, monitoring tools, security appliances) arealso in scope.
* A. Federal systems that process, store, or transmit CUI.#Incorrect
* CMMCdoes not apply to federal systems.
* B. Nonfederal systems that process, store, or transmit CUI.#Partially correct but incomplete
* Itexcludes security systemsthat protect CUI assets, whichare also in scope.
* C. Federal systems that process, store, or transmit CUI, or that provide protection for the system components.#Incorrect
* CMMConly applies to nonfederal systems.
* CMMC Scoping Guide (Nov 2021)- Confirms that CMMCapplies to nonfederal systemsprocessingCUI.
* NIST SP 800-171 Rev. 2- Specifies security requirements fornonfederal systemshandling CUI.
* DFARS 252.204-7012- Requires DoD contractors to implementNIST SP 800-171onnonfederal systemshandling CUI.
Understanding Scoping in CMMC 2.0Why the Correct Answer is "D. Nonfederal systems that process, store, or transmit CUI, or that provide protection for the system components"?Why Not the Other Options?Relevant CMMC 2.0 References:Final Justification:SinceCMMC applies to nonfederal systems that process CUI or protect those systems, the correct answer isD. Nonfederal systems that process, store, or transmit CUI, or that provide protection for the system components.
NEW QUESTION # 101
Regarding the Risk Assessment (RA) domain, what should an OSC periodically assess?
- A. Organizational operations, organizational processes, and individuals
- B. Organizational operations, business assets, and employees
- C. Organizational operations, business processes, and employees
- D. Organizational operations, organizational assets, and individuals
Answer: D
Explanation:
TheRisk Assessment (RA) domainaligns withNIST SP 800-171 control family 3.11 (Risk Assessment)and is designed to help organizationsidentify, assess, and manage cybersecurity risksthat could impact their operations.
TheRA.3.144 practice(which is a CMMC Level 2 requirement) explicitly states:
"Periodically assess therisktoorganizational operations (including mission, functions, image, or reputation), organizational assets, and individualsresulting from the operation of organizational systems and the associated processing, storage, or transmission of CUI." This means that OSCs (Organizations Seeking Certification) should regularly evaluate risks to:
#Organizational operations(e.g., mission, business continuity, functions)
#Organizational assets(e.g., data, IT systems, intellectual property)
#Individuals(e.g., employees, contractors, customers affected by security risks) Thus, the correct answer isC. Organizational operations, organizational assets, and individuals.
* A. Organizational operations, business assets, and employees#Incorrect."Business assets"is not the correct terminology used in CMMC/NIST SP 800-171. Instead,"organizational assets"is the proper term.
* B. Organizational operations, business processes, and employees#Incorrect."Business processes"is not a part of the formal risk assessment requirement. The correct scope includesorganizational assetsandindividuals, not just processes.
* D. Organizational operations, organizational processes, and individuals#Incorrect. While processes are important,organizational assetsmust be considered in the assessment, not just processes.
Why the Other Answers Are Incorrect
* CMMC 2.0 Model (Level 2 - RA.3.144)- Specifies that risk assessments must coverorganizational operations, organizational assets, and individuals.
* NIST SP 800-171 (3.11.1)- Reinforces the same risk assessment scope.
CMMC Official ReferencesThus,option C (Organizational operations, organizational assets, and individuals) is the correct answerbased on official CMMC risk assessment requirements.
NEW QUESTION # 102
During the review of information that was published to a publicly accessible site, an OSC correctly identifies that part of the information posted should have been restricted. Which item did the OSC MOST LIKELY identify?
- A. FCI
- B. Change of leadership in the organization
- C. Launching of their new business service line
- D. Public releases identifying major deals signed with commercial entities
Answer: A
Explanation:
Understanding Federal Contract Information (FCI) and Publicly Accessible InformationFederal Contract Information (FCI)isnon-public informationprovided by or generated for the U.S. governmentunder a contractthat isnot intended for public release.
Key Characteristics of FCI:#FCI includesdetails related togovernment contracts, project specifics, and performance data.
#It must be protected under FAR 52.204-21, which requiresbasic safeguarding measuresto prevent unauthorized access.
#Posting FCI on a public site is a security violationsince it ismeant to be restrictedfrom public disclosure.
A). FCI # Correct
FCI must be protected from unauthorized access, and if it wasincorrectly published online, it should have been restricted.
B). Change of leadership in the organization # Incorrect
Leadership changes are typically public informationand do not require restriction unless they involve sensitive government-related security clearances.
C). Launching of their new business service line # Incorrect
Marketing and business announcementsare generallypublicly availableandnot restricted information.
D). Public releases identifying major deals signed with commercial entities # Incorrect Commercial contracts and business deals are not considered FCIunless they involvegovernment contracts.
Why is the Correct Answer "A. FCI (Federal Contract Information)"?
FAR 52.204-21 (Basic Safeguarding of Covered Contractor Information Systems) DefinesFCI as sensitive but unclassified informationthat must beprotected from public disclosure.
CMMC 2.0 Level 1 Requirements
Requires contractors toprotect FCI under basic cybersecurity standardsto prevent unauthorized exposure.
DoD Guidance on FCI Protection
States thatpublishing FCI on public websites violates federal cybersecurity requirements.
CMMC 2.0 References Supporting This Answer.
NEW QUESTION # 103
Which government agency are DoD contractors required to report breaches of CUI to?
- A. DoD Cyber Crime Center
- B. NARA
- C. Under Secretary of Defense for Intelligence and Security
- D. FBI
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION # 104
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