[Jan-2022] Updated Board of Pharmacy Specialties BPS-Pharmacotherapy Exam Questions BUNDLE PACK
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NEW QUESTION 20
A patient with hepatic encephalopathy is being treated with lactulose 15 mL four times daily.
Over the next 72 hours, the patient becomes less agitated but remains disoriented. Which of the following should be the next step?
- A. Determine the frequency of bowel movements.
- B. Begin branched-chain amino-acid supplementation.
- C. Add neomycin 1 g four times daily.
- D. Measure stool pH to ensure that it is greater than 7.
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION 21
Interpretation of the findings of a research project should be placed in which section of an abstract?
- A. Methods
- B. Background
- C. Results
- D. Conclusion
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION 22
A 78-year-old woman presents to the outpatient clinic for workup for depression. Medical history includes hypertension, simple partial seizures, and osteoporosis. The patient reports a
6.8 kg non-intentional weight loss over the past month. Home medications include lisinopril, hydrochlorothiazide, carbamazepine, and alendronate. The patient has been diagnosed with severe depression. Which antidepressant should be recommended for this patient?
- A. Nortriptyline 25 mg daily
- B. Escitalopram 20 mg daily
- C. Bupropion XL 150 mg daily
- D. Mirtazapine 15 mg daily
Answer: B
NEW QUESTION 23
A 50-year-old woman experienced acute renal failure after receiving contrast dye for an imaging study. Her estimated creatinine clearance is now 20 mL/min. Her medications include:
* Piperacillin/tazobactam 4.5g intravenously every 8 hours
* Azithromycin 500 mg intravenously daily
* Famotidine 40 mg orally twice daily
* Enoxaparin 40 mg subcutaneously daily
* Metoprolol succinate 100 mg orally daily
Which drugs require dose reduction due to acute renal failure?
- A. All of her current medications
- B. Piperacillin/tazobactam, famotidine, and metoprolol succinate
- C. Piperacillin/tazobactam, famotidine, and enoxaparin
- D. Piperacillin/tazobactam, azithromycin, and enoxaparin
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION 24
A 25-year-old man who weighs 80 kg is brought to the emergency department following a motor vehicle collision. He has severe facial contusions and a presumed closed head injury. His Glasgow Coma Scale score is 8. An emergency CT scan shows no evidence of intracranial bleeding. What should recommendations for therapy include?
- A. Phenytoin 1,200 mg intravenously over 45 minutes, then an appropriate maintenance dose for one week
- B. Diazepam 5 mg intravenously over 5 minutes, qh6 for one week
- C. Fosphenytoin 25 PE/kg intravenous push, then an appropriate maintenance dose for one week
- D. Dexamethasone 10 mg intravenously q6h for one week
Answer: D
NEW QUESTION 25
The pharmacotherapy specialist-directed research team in a large healthcare system plans to submit a comparative effectiveness study proposal in response to the request for proposals released under the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act. In designing this study, which category of outcomes should be used for the primary endpoint?
- A. Surrogate markers
- B. Cost savings
- C. Cost-effectiveness
- D. Patient-centered health
Answer: D
NEW QUESTION 26
An obtunded 61-year-old Woman weighing 45 kg with Worsening renal function is admitted to the hospital. She has a recent history of several days of nausea, fatigue, pruritus, and a metallic taste in her mouth. Her medical history includes diabetes, heart failure, and COPD. Admission laboratory values include:
SERUM CHEMISTRY
Sodium: 135 mEq/L
Potassium: 5.7 mEq/L
Chloride: 100 mEq/L
HCO3: 15 mEq/L
BUN: 96 mg/dL
Creatinine: 5.5 mg/dL
Glucose: 300 mg/dL
Calcium: 7.4 mg/dL
Serum ketones: Negative
ABGS (Room Air)
pH: 72
PaCO2: 30 mm Hg
PaO2: 75 mm Hg
O2 Sat: 90%
Chest X-ray shows a flattened diaphragm. Current medications include furosemide, fluticasone salmeterol, and glipizide. Which acid-base disorder does this patient exhibit?
- A. Metabolic acidosis secondary to diabetic ketoacidosis
- B. Metabolic acidosis secondary to end-stage renal disease
- C. Respiratory acidosis secondary to COPD
- D. Metabolic acidosis secondary to furosemide use
Answer: B
NEW QUESTION 27
A patient presents at a physician's office with gait unsteadiness and clumsiness. The patient has a history of type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and chronic numbness and tingling of the feet and fingertips.
Examination reveals mild distal wasting, glove-and-stocking sensory impairment, absent ankle jerks, brisk knee jerks, and bilateral Babinski reflexes. Gait is slightly ataxic.
CBC reveals a hemoglobin of 10.1 g/dL, WBC of 4,500 cells/mL, MCV 120 fL, and platelets
163,000 cells/ul.
Which of the following is the most important laboratory test for assisting in diagnosis?
- A. Serum vitamin B12
- B. Folic acid
- C. Ferritin
- D. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION 28
A 72-year-old patient, weighing 72 kg and measuring 173 cm tall, presents to the emergency department with an acute ischemic stroke. The symptoms have been present for just over an hour. The patient has a history of hypertension and is currently taking lisinopril 10 mg daily.
The patient's evaluation reveals no intracerebral hemorrhaging. The current BP is 178/100 mm Hg. It is now 150 minutes from stroke symptom onset.
Which of the following should now be administered?
- A. Intravenous-PA
- B. An antihypertensive; reconsider intravenous t-PA once BP decreases
- C. An antihypertensive; reconsider intra-arterial thrombolytics once BP decreases
- D. Intravenous glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION 29
A pharmacotherapy specialist is interpreting a published paper describing a randomized controlled, double-bling study that was conducted to evaluate the effects of antihistamines on the failure rate of treatment of otitis media in children. In the study, 250 children received antihistamines and 264 did not. All children received appropriate antibiotic therapy. Treatment failures occurred in four (1.6%) of the children who received antihistamines and in 13 (4.9%) of those who did not. The difference is statistically significant (p<0.05, chi-square). Which of the following statements about these result is appropriate?
- A. The sample size is inadequate to allow clinical conclusions.
- B. Knowledge of the rate and severity of adverse event in the study is needed to allow a therapeutic decision.
- C. Antihistamines should be administered to all children with otitis media who meet study entry criteria.
- D. Chi-square is not the appropriate statistical test.
Answer: D
NEW QUESTION 30
A new team has been established in a large healthcare system to conduct research. At the first meeting of the new team, the pharmacotherapy specialist was asked to submit a proposal for a randomized clinical study. What is the first step in formulating the research hypothesis for this proposal?
- A. Selecting an appropriate comparator
- B. Formulating an answerable question
- C. Determining a measurable outcome
- D. Selecting a viable intervention
Answer: B
NEW QUESTION 31
A 71-year-old patient presents for a hospital follow-up visit after a recent inpatient stay for an exacerbation of COPD, the fourth such stay in the past year. The patient's home medication regimen includes albuterol/ipratropium by inhaler, theophylline, and extended release guaifenesin. The latest FEV1 value in a one-second test was 40% of the predicted value; o2 Sat was 90%. Which of the following is the most appropriate management strategy for this patient?
- A. A trail of montelukast
- B. A trail of systemic corticosteroids
- C. A trial of inhaled corticosteroids
- D. A trail of home oxygen therapy
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION 32
Which of the following is an advantage of a crossover-design clinical trial?
- A. No carryover effect
- B. Smaller sample size needed
- C. No randomization needed
- D. No period effect
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION 33
A 47-year-old patient with cirrhosis, ascites, and acute renal failure presents to the emergency department. A peritoneal tap reveals spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (neutrophils = 789 in the ascitic fluid). Medical history includes ethanol abuse and positivity for HCV antibody. What is the most appropriate drug therapy for this patient?
- A. Gentamicin With albumin
- B. Piperacillin/tazobactam with dextran 40
- C. Cefotaxime with albumin
- D. Levofloxacin With dextran 40
Answer: D
NEW QUESTION 34
The Joint Commission requires accredited organizations to encourage which groups to report concerns about safety?
- A. Local specific disease support groups
- B. Medical students rotating through organizations
- C. National special interest groups
- D. Patients and families
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION 35
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